Document Type

Book Chapter

Publication Date

2026

Abstract

This chapter develops a trusteeship justification of pro bono, arguing that lawyers, as trustees of a public legal system created through democratic self-authorship, have a moral obligation to help address the persistent justice gap affecting persons of limited means. It evaluates multiple forms of pro bono — including voluntary, mandatory, low bono, and state-compelled service — evaluating how well each aligns with the trusteeship model. The chapter contrasts the trusteeship theory with, and criticizes, two alternative justifications for pro bono: presumed lawyer consent rooted in professional tradition and a quid pro quo based on state-authorized privileges. It concludes by distinguishing legitimate pro bono from coercive political uses, focusing on the “pro bono” offered to U.S. President Trump in the face of threatened sanctions. The latter undermines the rule of law and constitutes a perversion, not a version, of legitimate pro bono.

Publication Citation

Forthcoming in Helena Whalen-Bridge, ed. Beyond Mandatory Pro Bono.

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